Which of the following phases is NOT part of the project management process?

The project management process typically consists of several key phases that are essential for effectively managing a project from start to finish. These phases include planning, execution, and monitoring and controlling.

Planning is crucial as it involves defining project objectives, determining the necessary resources, and outlining the tasks needed to achieve the goals. Execution is where the work is carried out according to the project plan, and it involves coordinating people and resources, as well as managing stakeholder expectations. Monitoring and controlling is the phase where the project’s progress is tracked, and necessary adjustments are made to remain on course and ensure the project stays aligned with its objectives.

Marketing, while vital for business success and project promotion, is not a formal phase within the project management process. It deals more with promoting products or services rather than managing a project’s execution, resources, and timelines. In the context of project management, marketing strategies may be applied, but they do not constitute a formal phase in managing a project. Hence, it is correct to identify marketing as not being part of the established project management phases.