What is meant by "statistical process control" (SPC)?

Statistical process control (SPC) is fundamentally about utilizing statistical techniques to monitor and manipulate a process to ensure it operates at its full potential. By applying statistical methods, such as control charts, practitioners can analyze variations in processes to identify trends, detect issues before they become significant problems, and maintain consistency in quality. This proactive approach helps in maintaining the stability of processes and improving product quality over time.

In the context of quality engineering, SPC serves as a critical tool for ensuring that processes remain within predetermined limits, thereby minimizing variability and waste. This systematic approach enables organizations to enhance operational efficiency while producing products that meet established specifications.

The other choices do not encapsulate the essence of statistical process control. Option A, which relates to marketing data, does not involve process monitoring or control. Option C focuses on workplace safety standards, which is outside the realm of statistical analysis for process control. Option D mentions automation in production, which, while related to efficiency, does not inherently include the statistical monitoring aspect that defines SPC.